Making Best Use of Windows Server 2003

The premise of innovation improvement lies in bettering the more seasoned frameworks and grappling with upgraded works in our data frameworks, etc.â Without the working framework, nonetheless, the data framework innovation would scarcely come to anything.â Hence, the Windows Server 2003 was created as an upgrade to the Windows Server 2000, taking â€Å"the best of Windows 2000 Server innovation and make it simpler to send, oversee, and use.†  â€Å"The result,† as portrayed by Microsoft, is â€Å"a profoundly profitable foundation that helps make your system a key resource for your organization.†Ã¢ The world’s driving organization for working frameworks, when accused of close monopolistic practices in an enemy of trust preliminary, further gave an account of the new expansion to the working framework family that Microsoft keeps on being celebrated for: As of March 28, 2005, all Windows Server 2003 working frameworks transport with Windows Server Service Pack 1 (SP1).  Windows Server 2003 SP1 gives enhancedâ security, expanded dependability, and an improved organization to help enterpriseâ customers over all industries†¦Ã¢ moreover, in December 2005, Standard, Enterprise,â and Datacenter versions of Windows Server 2003 R2 were discharged, offering Active Directory, stockpiling, and branch office upgrades for clients (â€Å"Introducing the Windows,† 2006). Discharged as of late, the Windows Server 2003 has become the discussion of each PC expert today.â One of its key highlights is its upgraded accessibility through improved â€Å"clustering support.†Ã¢ Microsoft reports that â€Å"clustering services† are imperative to exchange, where sources of info and yields, imports and fares must be bunched to ease hierarchical functioning.â Windows Server 2003 takes into account just that.â Besides, it helps in â€Å"scalability,† and not simply â€Å"manageability.†Ã¢ Also as per the producer of the new working framework: Grouping establishment and arrangement is simpler and progressively strong in Windows Server 2003,  while improved system includes in the item give more prominent failover capabilitiesâ and high framework uptime.  The Windows Server 2003 working frameworks underpins serverâ clusters for up to eight hubs.  If one of the hubs in a bunch becomes unavailableâ because of disappointment or upkeep, another hub promptly starts giving service,â a process known as failover.  Windows Server 2003 likewise underpins arrange loadâ balancing (NLB), which adjusts approaching Internet Protocol (IP) traffic across nodesâ in a group (â€Å"Introducing†). Most definitely, it has been affirmed that Windows Server 2003 is intended to make correspondences simpler than previously, not simply between the association and the clients of the working framework, yet in addition between the hierarchical clients of the framework and the clients of the organization.â The R2 Standard Edition of the Windows Server 2003 was made by joint effort between â€Å"third-party equipment and programming partners† of Microsoft (â€Å"Overview of Windows,† 2005). So also, the organization guarantees that there are specialists (Microsoft Certified Consultants) accessible to control individuals through the way toward introducing any of the accompanying: (1) Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition; (2) Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition; (3) Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition (for most elevated accessibility); and (4) Windows Server 2003, Web Edition (Microsoft Certified Consultants). Seeing as Microsoft’s Windows Server 2003 is focusing on organizations generally, the working framework †genuinely one of its sort †is bundled with sure specialized help and training.â Microsoft’s business is intense, and the wealth of Microsoft specialists in each country on the planet demonstrates that the Windows Server 2003 would make due in firm business. Windows Server 2003 has instructional classes accessible with it (â€Å"Windows Server 2003,† 2007).â What is more, it is Microsoft’s aim to offer a greater amount of its innumerable programming civilities to organizations subsequent to giving the new working framework to a significant number of them for free.â Given that no other working framework organization has hitherto had the option to meet or match the acts of the mammoth (â€Å"near-monopoly†) †the Windows Server 2003 would catch its special market until a further developed working framework, with better accessibility, backing, and preparing, shows up out of Microsoft to substitute and supplement the Server 2003. References Presenting the Windows Server 2003. (2006, January 24). Microsoft. Recovered 26 May 2007, from http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/bb429524.aspx. Review of Windows Server 2003 R2 Standard Edition. (2005, December 6). Microsoft. Recovered 26 May 2007, from Microsoft.com. Microsoft Certified Consultants. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Help: Consulting, Backing, Troubleshooting.Retrieved 26 May 2007, from http://www.progent.com/microsoft_windows_server_2003.htm. Windows Server 2003. (2007). Symantics. Recovered 26 May 2007, from http://www.systematix.co.uk/mstech/windows-2003-preparing.

Uniformity and Deformity in Harrison Bergeron Essay -- Harrison Berger

Consistency and Deformity in Harrison Bergeron In this exposition, I will endeavor to investigate what Kurt Vonnegut delineated in his short story Harrison Bergeron- - the way that consistency (of any sort) prompts the loss of uniqueness, and subsequently to outright distortion of humanness. It was 2081, and everyone was at last equivalent, the story starts. They weren't just equivalent under the watchful eye of God and the law. They were equivalent in all over. (Vonnegut 1968:7) In this frightful story, Vonnegut presumably needed to caution our general public of comparable sort of fairness, balance that can be deadly for human race. The topic of total balance has just seemed two years before Harrison Bergeron was distributed without precedent for Fantasy and Science-Fiction Magazine (1961). It was Vonnegut's tale The Sirens of Titan. Be that as it may, in this work the subject is just a minor element and isn't generally evolved (see Vonnegut 1975:158). The thought likely fascinated Kurt Vonnegut and constrained him to form it into a short story. The individuals who know about Kurt Vonnegut's composing will unquestionably perceive some different subjects of this story. For instance the dread of de-adaptation of people, being stuck in golden (Harrisons powerlessness to topple the framework, etc. In Harrison Bergeron, Kurt Vonnegut introduced an alarming perspective on a future society, where everybody was equivalent. No one was more brilliant than any other individual. No one was preferred investigating any other person. No one was more grounded or faster than any other individual. (Vonnegut 1988:7). It was the activity of the specialists of the United States Handicapper General to keep it along these lines. Wonderful individuals needed to wear u... ...g speciesism, we can wind up like in the short story by Kilgore Trout Hail to the Chief, where a chimpanzee turned into the President of the United States. The chimpanzee wore a little blue jacket with metal catches, and with the seal of the President of the United States sewed to the front pocket. Wherever he went, groups would play 'Hail to the Chief.' The chimpanzee adored it. He would skip here and there. (Vonnegut 1992:88) References: Sturgeon, Theodore Godbody New York: Vonnegut, Kurt Jr. Breakfast of Champions London: 1992; Cox and Wyman Ltd. Vonnegut, Kurt Jr. God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater New York: 1978; Dell Publishing Vonnegut, Kurt Jr.The Sirens of Titan London: 1975; Coronet Books Vonnegut, Kurt Jr.Welcome to the Monkey House New York: 1988; Bantam Doubleday, Dell Publishing

Book Riots Deals of the Day for August 14th, 2019

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Consumption Of A Well-Balanced Nutritional Breakfast Linked

Consumption of a well-balanced nutritional breakfast linked to improving the quality of attention, alertness, and other dexterities associated with a student’s academic performance is in question. Is it possible that skipping breakfast can impair scholastic achievements among children struggling with hunger? A recent study documented the effects on children who ate breakfast at home or who participated in a School Breakfast Program (SBP) before attending class in contrast to the 30% of the student population who skip eating breakfast. Summarizing the results of 10 studies examining the association of nutritional breakfast consumption, academic performance, obesity, physical activity, and assessing the association between the frequency†¦show more content†¦Therefore, children who eat breakfast regularly tend to weigh less than breakfast skippers. When children skip this meal, the body goes into fasting mode raising the insulin, which then causes the body to store m ore fat and research indicates that childhood obesity may also affect cognition and therefore, academic achievement (Yau, Castro, Tagani, Tsui, Convit, 2012). Consequently, about 20-30% of children skip breakfast in the United States daily (Adolphus et al., 2013) arguments are the lack of time, an absence of hunger, and distaste for breakfast foods (Mullan, Wong, Kothe, O’Moore, Pickles, Sainsbury, 2014). Moreover, researchers have examined several factors related to the relationship between breakfast consumption, quality of food, children’s weight, and the amount of physical activity exerted with achieving positive academic performance. The quality of breakfast in some children’s diets lacked nutritious food choices, and research shows that there are dissimilarities in diets. For example, children (aged 11-14) in North Italy ingest bakery items in contrast to The Netherlands, popular foods such as grains and dairy products while in Cape Town adolescents (age 11-17) ate white bread, chocolate, and potato crisps whereas in the USA and Scotland, ready to eat cereals was the breakfast choice for foodShow MoreRelatedWhat You Eat Affects Your Productivity1704 Words   |  7 Pagesmere basis of maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Sustaining exceptional care for the human body starts with what is consumed into the stomach. Eating healthy will increase productivity tremendously, along with promoting a longer and healthier life, as well as a increasing mood and desire to live in a better shape, the body will receive all the nutrients it needs to advocate a exceeding energy, and an outcome of a regulated and desirable body weight. Like a car the brain needs quality fuel to run efficientlyRead MoreWhat You Eat Affects Your Productivity1702 Words   |  7 Pagesmere basis of maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Sustaining exceptional care for the human body starts with what is consumed into the stomach. Eating healthy will increase productivity tremendously, along with promoting a longer and healthier life, as well as a increasing mood and desire to live in a better shape, the body will receive all the nutrients it needs to advocate a exceeding energy, and an outcome of a regulated and desirable body weight. Like a car the brain needs quality fuel to run efficientlyRead MoreNutrition And Nutrition Essay948 Words   |  4 Pagescrucial to how healthy, we are and how well our body functions; therefore, it is very important to adopt healthy eating habits. Healthy eating habits are essential to create a solid foundation for excellent health. This can be achieved by avoiding and cutting back the excess sugar and processed foods that we eat. All these foods are often low in vital nutrients, high in calories and sugars, and have harmful artificial substances. Consumption of such foods has been linked with a variety of diseases, includingRead MoreMilk Biscuits, Breakfast Biscuits And Dependent Variable Is The High Preference Of Appearance1197 Words   |  5 PagesThe children’s inclination for the appearance or taste of four different brands of chocolate biscuits, breakfast biscuits, and breadsticks is what needs to be investigated. The accomplishment would be to determine the visual a nd taste fondness of three gluten-free commercial products. This study would help nurses during patient teachings to make recommendations of gluten-free products and it would help nurses in the appearance of foods being served to patients. Kildegaard et al. have presentedRead MoreEating Breakfast1197 Words   |  5 PagesImpact Eating Breakfast Has On School Performance Breakfast has been widely known as the â€Å"most important meal of the day.† Most parents and school faculty stress the importance of eating breakfast from a very early age. The first meal of the day not only keeps the metabolism on track, but also wakes the body up by supplying energy and nutrients to the body right when a person wakes up. Why is this important? Building healthy habits at an early age, such as eating breakfast regularly, will not onlyRead MoreBenefits Of Healthy Nutritional Habits1828 Words   |  8 PagesHealthy nutritional habits are emphasized in all educational atmospheres throughout the country, but, ironically, they are highly ignored when developing school meals. It is no secret that American children are offered the wrong variety of nutrients, including sugars, carbohydrates, and fats. This is especially alarming, due to the fact, that in a survey conducted in 2012, nearly 21 million adolescents stated that they were dependent on school lunches as t heir main meal of the day (Perle). ThereforeRead MoreCauses And Consequences Of Death1863 Words   |  8 Pagesaffected by nutritional considerations is strokes. A stroke is an occurrence in which the blood flow to the brain is cut off. This takes away nutrients and oxygen from the brain, causing brain cells to die. A healthy diet can reduce one’s risk for obtaining medical conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes, coronary artery disease and obesity. All of those medical conditions can increase a person’s chance of getting a stroke. A stroke can destroy a person s nutritional health forRead More Processed Food Should or Should not be Banned From School Meals? 2189 Words   |  9 Pagesvitamin B1, because it can destroy the vitamin. In addition, it has been found that it aggravates asthma in children and adults† (para. 7). 2. Artificial Coloring better known as â€Å"FDC yellow#5(tartarzine) and FDC Blue#2 (Indigo carmine). The consumption of these additives is associated with ADHD (attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder), asthma and inflammatory skin conditions† (Mateljan, nd, para. 3). 3. Sugar Substitutes are recognized as artificial sweeteners such as high fructose corn syrupRead MoreExpository Essay About Mcdonalds1696 Words   |  7 PagesExpository Essay: Topic A: Fries for Life The idea of free McDonalds for life is a no brainer, right?! †¦. Wrong! but why? McDonald’s is well known to be the largest fast food retailer in the entire world. It is a global phenomenon which has been the market leader for the past decade or more. There are many reasons for this; it is cheap, fast, reliable and tasty. It is tantalizing on our eyes and our taste buds. The very colors that McDonald’s use on its packaging and in marketing are there to elicitRead MoreUnit 21 Task 26958 Words   |  28 Pagesdetermine nutritional health including dietary reference values (DRV), what a balanced diet is and how to maintain this, what BMI is and how to calculate it, the eat well plate, I will explain possible influences on dietary intake, assess how these influences may affect the nutritional health of individuals and I will also make realistic recommendations for minimising the impact of negative influences on individuals in a specific health and social care setting. SECTION ONE: NUTRITIONAL HEALTH Nutrition

The Cheater s Guide For Love By Junot Diaz - 997 Words

Have you ever wondered how someone can go from their lowest point in life, struggle and face their demons and end up back on top? If you have, then you should read, The Cheater’s Guide to Love, by Junot Diaz. In his story, The Cheater’s Guide to Love, Diaz covers the journey of Yunior of finding and losing love and the ups and downs along the way. This journey is chronicled by year, starting at year â€Å"0† the breakup and ending in year â€Å"5† where he starts to write his story. Throughout the story Yunior is faced with internal and external conflicts, including his downfall and rise towards the end. Diaz also covers the effect of these conflicts not only on Yunior but those surrounding him. Diaz provide many different perspectives to these conflicts, and offers a way for the reader to connect and interpret the material in a unique way. Each conflict is shown to be a significant factor in the development of Yunior’s character and a guide t o his journey and actions throughout the story. Diaz’s use of conflicts in the story The Cheater’s Guide to Love are significantly to the development of the story s theme and that of the main character Yunior. Diaz uses the internal conflicts of Yunior to show the effects on his life and that of others, these internal conflicts are often illuminated by external conflicts, such as the action of others. Throughout the story, The Cheater’s Guide to Love, author Diaz chronicles the main character’s finding and losing love and the ups andShow MoreRelatedThe Cheater s Guide For Love By Junot Diaz895 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Cheater’s Guide to Love†, Junot Dà ­az presents a story about love that goes sour after the primary character, Yunior’s infidelity is discovered. But beyond just an emotionally bleak story, Dà ­az also uses the background of a love story gone bad to explore issues of race through Yunior’s narrative style, second-person point of view, and the characterization of the various women Yunior meets. One of Dà ­az’s greatest gifts in storytelling is the intimacy of his voice through the use of second-person

The Man of Destiny Free Essays

The story under the title â€Å"The Fun They Had† was written by a highly prolific American writer, one of the three grand masters of science fiction – Isaac Asimov. The theme is probably â€Å"the influence of technology on the process of teaching. † The story is kind of utopian story, but from the perspective of the children who are the main characters of the story, it is a dystopia, since they thought there was so much more fun back in the days when there were classrooms†¦ but the whole story circles around the theme of technology and how children in this version of the future and how children today interact with that. We will write a custom essay sample on The Man of Destiny or any similar topic only for you Order Now The key in this text is lyrical, and the narration here is interwinding with the direct speech and the dialogues. To prove that the mood is lyrical let’s look at the descriptions of one of the main character’s feelings related to her mechanical teacher. The author uses colloquial speech and jargonized words, such as â€Å"gee, I guess, I betchaâ€Å" here, to show us that these children are rather ordinary, and looks similar as the children of our age. The text could be divided into three logical parts. The first part of the story begins with the description of two kids who found a real book. It was a little discovery, the girl â€Å"even wrote about it that night in her diary† It should be noted that all the events of the story take place in the future, in the year 2155, that’s why a mere book from the past seems quite an interesting object for exploration. And, our heroes, Tommy (13) with Margie (11) read the book, thinking of those who used it many centuries ago. The author uses in this story such feature as pointing out the words by using the italic font. He emphasizes the words, to make us feel deeper and pay extra attention to the very phrase. Margie’s grandfather once said that when he was a little boy  his  grandfather told him that there was a time when all stories were printed on paper† as we read this â€Å"the†, we understand that from the point of view of these children it was very-very long ago. From the dialogue of the children we see that they relationship is a friendship. Of course, the author could not avoid from inv enting new terms, such as â€Å"telebook†. The second part begins with the picture of the teaching process in the far 2157. From the very beginning of the part, we see the Margie’s feelings to the schooling process. Her attitude to the mechanical teacher leaves much to be desired. Reading the story we come across the problem, tackled by the author. It is a low knowledge level of children, and their uneagerness to study. To prove it we should mention the fact when the County Inspector slowed up Margie’s mechanical teacher to an average ten-year level. The girl was 11, but she couldn’t or didn’t want to cover her own age level, â€Å"she had been doing worse and worse†. And how strong was her hatred towards school! She hoped her teacher wouldn’t be back, that â€Å"large and black and ugly† teacher! â€Å"The part she hated most was the slot where she had to put homework and test papers. † – This sentence indicates at her being a usual girl with a usual nature, while this is the exact thing commonly disliked at schools. The third part of the text is the speculation of these children about the teaching process â€Å"Centuries ago†. They argue whether the live teacher better than the mechanical one, or not; could the living one be smarter than the machine etc. The narrator lets us see the criticism of this young girl, she could not believe that the human can teach as good as the machine. The key in this part is rather emotional, we can see this in the dialogue of our story-heroes. The author uses such colloquies as â€Å"sure  he is, I betcha†; and again points out the admiration of Tom – â€Å"a regular teacher† This story, written by I. Asimov makes the reader to think about the teaching process nowadays. If we remember that it was written in the middle of the 20th century, we can say that the details in this story are well chosen. I think that it has a certain purpose – to warn the reader about the possible future problems, because the era of Internet and wide spread of the computers has certain impact on our generation. Of course the mechanical, or computer teachers is the ideal solution for breeding the very clever people, the caste of self-made people, but from the other point of view, these people wouldn’t be so social, and would expect certain problems in communication with other â€Å"ordinary† people. So, it is for us to decide, which way of education is better. How to cite The Man of Destiny, Papers

Jeremy Bentham Criminal Justice free essay sample

Jeremy Benthams Influence on the Criminal Justice System: Past and Present The delivery of punishment has changed significantly over the centuries. Up until the 19th century in England, imprisonment was not regarded as a punishment, it was merely used while the offender waited to be sentenced to their real punishment (Bull, 2010; Hirst, 1998). Corporal punishment such as flogging, branding and mutilation, death by hanging, and transportation to other continents such as America and Australia were common punitive measures through the ages, until well into the 1800s (Newburn, 2003). Although these extreme penalties are no longer acceptable or practised by criminal courts in England or Australia, in some ways, the past has shaped delivery of sanction at present. In fact, Australia was founded with Britains intention to send their worst criminal there Oackson, 1998). Theorist Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) was particularly influential to the cessation of the controversial tactic of transportation to Australia, and catalysed the beginning of the modern day prison systems (Bull, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Jeremy Bentham Criminal Justice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Bentham was a philosopher who rigorously opposed the transportation of convicts to other continents (Bentham, 1789). He had strong ideals relating to criminals and the best way for them to be punished. Forming the criminological theory of Utilitarianism, Bentham argued that incapacitation, rehabilitation and deterrence were the three pillars essential to fghting crime (Hopkins Burke, 2011). In the course of this essay, Benthams philosophy on punishment and the reasons why he opposed transportation will be discussed. Furthermore, an examination of Benthams specific contribution to the end of transportation and the continued influence his ideas have had on shaping our contemporary punishment practises will be conducted. Benthams understanding of crime and criminals was simple. His perspective classed people as rational beings, whose behaviour is influenced by their perceived pleasure and pain (Brunon-Ernst, 2012). If the perceived pleasure, or positive outcome (for example the thrill of stealing, the acquisition of money) of an action outweighs the perceived pain or displeasure of the consequences (punishment, risk of injury), the person may be inclined to do it (Brunon-Ernst, 2012). In other words, a person may be tempted to commit a crime if there not a strong enough deterrent in place. Hence, Benthams solution to crime control was to address this pleasure/pain response by imposing strict penalties proportional to the seriousness of the crime committed to discourage people from offending (Von Hirsch, 1992). Although he did not support the death penalty, punishment for committing crime was considered by Bentham as the lesser of two evils, necessary for the health of society and the duty of the government to impose (Bull, 2010; Hudson, 2003). Punishment, for Bentham, was a way to ensure the greatest happiness for the greatest number (Rosen, 2003, p 221). Bentham rgued that prevention, both general and specific, is paramount in controlling crime. The imprisonment of the offender serves the purpose of specific prevention. Specific prevention involves three tiers: incapacitation, reform/rehabilitation and deterrence (Hopkins Burke, 2011). Firstly, incapacitation is achieved by physically removing an offender from society, rendering them unable to reoffend (specifically, by placing them in prison). Secondly, rehabilitation seeks to take away t e esire o ottend teaching the offender that any wrongdoing against society will certainly result in real unishment (Bentham suggested strenuous and repetitive labour and solitary confinement). Finally, and most importantly, deterrence is reached by making the offender afraid to reoffend because of the inevitable consequences of the action (namely, returning to the conditions of prison [Von Hirsch, 1998]). Additionally, Bentham conceded that the prison ought to be open for the public to observe as a means of general prevention (Hopkins Burke, 2011). Prisoners would be made an example of in order to deter potential offenders from committing the same crimes: it ould be known to all that if one were to commit a crime, they would endure to the same fate. Transportation did not align with Benthams perspective regarding the solution to crime (Rosen, 2003). He argued that sending offenders toa far away place would not deter anyone from offending or reoffending. In short, Australia contained an uncertain fate for those sentenced to transportation (Bull, 2010). If and when the offender survived the long and treacherous Journey across the ocean from England to Australia, they were awarded far more freedom and independence than Bentham thought they deserved. Bentham argued that offenders would not be deterred from committing crime if the consequences were not strict, certain and undesirable (Bull, 2010). Furthermore, the lack of public exposure of the consequences of crime failed to meet Benthams guidelines for general prevention, if they were to be implemented overseas. Overall, Bentham considered transportation as a punishment to be markedly inferior to imprisonment Oackson, 1998). Instead, he recommended that offenders be kept under surveillance in a prison which he designed, called the panopticon Oackson, 1998). Brunon-Ernst (2012, p. ) described the panopticon as a circular building with a central tower from which an inspector can see the inmates at all times without being seen. With this design, inmates would not know when they were being watched, therefore, it would encourage them to behave at all times (Rosen, 2003). Bentham used Englands previous history of transporting convicts to America as a platform to argue against penal transportation to Australia (Bull, 2010). After gaining independence following the Revolution in the 1770s, America refused to accept any more convicts from England (Maxwell-Stewart, 2010). England was required to find another penal solution, and considered New South Wales, Australia, to be the perfect location. It was at this time that Bentham urged the government to follow his suggestion to build the panopticon instead (Semple, 1993). However, despite the support Bentham received for his ideas, transportation did not cease during his lifetime, with the final convicts landing in Australia in 1870 (Maxwell- Stewart, 2010). Nevertheless, it was Benthams ideas and his theory of utility which lead the reform to stop the transportation era (Bull, 2010). The lasting effects of he utilitarian theory can still be observed in the criminal Justice arena today (White, Haines Asquith, 2012). Utilitarianism laid the foundations for the classical movement which drastically influenced modern day penal processes and criminological thought. Classical theory closely resembles the theory of utility: free will and choice are a major contributors to the commission of crime (presently reflected by the notion of mens rea [the guilty mind]); criminals must be punished; sanction ought to act as a deterrent; and the prevention of crime is more important than than punishment (Vold Bernard, 1985; Von Hirsch, 1998). Concurrent with Benthams ideals, proportionality is reflected in present day criminal sanctions in order to have the most effect. A modern day example of this includes the Just deserts approach to sentencing, which proposes a few simple principles (as outlined by White, Haines Asquith, 2012): no one, other than the person found guilty of a crime, should be punished for that crime; a person found guilty of a crime must be punished for it; punishment must be proportional to the seriousness of the crime (no more, and no less serious than the crime itself). The Just deserts approach intends to provide structure and consistency to the sentencing process, consequently, it is employed by criminal Justice systems all over the Western world, including Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States (White, Haines Asquith, 2012). In summary, Jeremy Bentham had a profound effect on the criminal Justice system as we know it. Leading the reform which stopped the transportation of British criminals to Australia in the 19th century, Bentham also campaigned for long term incarceration to replace capital punishment. Jeremy Bentham Criminal Justice free essay sample The delivery of punishment has changed significantly over the centuries. Up until the 19th century in England, imprisonment was not regarded as a punishment, it was merely used while the offender waited to be sentenced to their ‘real’ punishment (Bull, 2010; Hirst, 1998). Corporal punishment such as flogging, branding and mutilation, death by hanging, and transportation to other continents such as America and Australia were common punitive measures through the ages, until well into the 1800’s (Newburn, 2003). Although these extreme penalties are no longer acceptable or practised by criminal courts in England or Australia, in some ways, the past has shaped delivery of sanction at present. In fact, Australia was founded with Britain’s intention to send their worst criminal there (Jackson, 1998). Theorist Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) was particularly influential to the cessation of the controversial tactic of transportation to Australia, and catalysed the beginning of the modern day prison systems (Bull, 2010). Bentham was a philosopher who rigorously opposed the transportation of convicts to other continents (Bentham, 1789). We will write a custom essay sample on Jeremy Bentham Criminal Justice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He had strong ideals relating to criminals and the best way for them to be punished. Forming the criminological theory of Utilitarianism, Bentham argued that incapacitation, rehabilitation and deterrence were the three pillars essential to fighting crime (Hopkins Burke, 2011). In the course of this essay, Bentham’s philosophy on punishment and the reasons why he opposed transportation will be discussed. Furthermore, an examination of Bentham’s specific contribution to the end of transportation and the continued influence his ideas have had on shaping our contemporary punishment practises will be conducted. Bentham’s understanding of crime and criminals was simple. His perspective classed people as rational beings, whose behaviour is influenced by their perceived pleasure and pain (Brunon-Ernst, 2012). If the perceived pleasure, or positive outcome (for example the thrill of stealing, the acquisition of money) of an action outweighs the perceived pain or displeasure of the consequences (punishment, risk of injury), the person may be inclined to do it (Brunon-Ernst, 2012). In other words, a person may be tempted to commit a crime if there not a strong enough deterrent in place. Hence, Bentham’s solution to crime control was to address this pleasure/pain response by imposing strict penalties proportional to the seriousness of the crime committed to discourage people from offending (Von Hirsch, 1992). Although he did not support the death penalty, punishment for committing crime was considered by Bentham as the lesser of two evils, necessary for the health of society and the duty of the government to impose (Bull, 2010; Hudson, 2003). Punishment, for Bentham, was a way to ensure â€Å"the greatest happiness for the greatest number† (Rosen, 2003, p 221). Bentham argued that prevention, both general and specific, is paramount in controlling crime. The imprisonment of the offender serves the purpose of specific prevention. Specific prevention involves three tiers: incapacitation, reform/rehabilitation and deterrence (Hopkins Burke, 2011). Firstly, incapacitation is achieved by physically removing an offender from society, rendering them unable to reoffend (specifically, by placing them in prison). Secondly, rehabilitation seeks to take away the desire to offend, by teaching the offender that any wrongdoing against society will certainly result in real punishment (Bentham suggested strenuous and repetitive labour and solitary confinement). Finally, and most importantly, deterrence is reached by making the offender afraid to reoffend because of the inevitable consequences of the action (namely, returning to the conditions of prison [Von Hirsch, 1998]). Additionally, Bentham conceded that the prison ought to be open for the public to observe as a means of general prevention (Hopkins Burke, 2011). Prisoners would be made an example of in order to deter potential offenders from committing the same crimes: it would be known to all that if one were to commit a crime, they would endure to the same fate. Transportation did not align with Bentham’s perspective regarding the solution to crime (Rosen, 2003). He argued that sending offenders to a far away place would not deter anyone from offending or reoffending. In short, Australia contained an uncertain fate for those sentenced to transportation (Bull, 2010). If and when the offender survived the long and treacherous journey across the ocean from England to Australia, they were awarded far more freedom and independence than Bentham thought they deserved. Bentham argued that offenders would not be deterred from committing crime if the consequences were not strict, certain and undesirable (Bull, 2010). Furthermore, the lack of public exposure of the consequences of crime failed to meet Bentham’s guidelines for general prevention, if they were to be implemented overseas. Overall, Bentham considered transportation as a punishment to be markedly inferior to imprisonment (Jackson, 1998). Instead, he recommended that offenders be kept under surveillance in a prison which he designed, called the panopticon (Jackson, 1998). Brunon-Ernst (2012, p. 8) described the panopticon as â€Å"a circular building with a central tower from which an inspector can see the inmates at all times without being seen†. With this design, inmates would not know when they were being watched, therefore, it would encourage them to behave at all times (Rosen, 2003). Bentham used England’s previous history of transporting convicts to America as a platform to argue against penal transportation to Australia (Bull, 2010). After gaining independence following the Revolution in the 1770’s, America refused to accept any more convicts from England (Maxwell-Stewart, 2010). England was required to find another penal solution, and considered New South Wales, Australia, to be the perfect location. It was at this time that Bentham urged the government to follow his suggestion to build the panopticon instead (Semple, 1993). However, despite the support Bentham received for his ideas, transportation did not cease during his lifetime, with the final convicts landing in Australia in 1870 (Maxwell-Stewart, 2010). Nevertheless, it was Bentham’s ideas and his theory of utility which lead the reform to stop the transportation era (Bull, 2010). The lasting effects of the utilitarian theory can still be observed in the criminal justice arena today (White, Haines Asquith, 2012). Utilitarianism laid the foundations for the classical movement which drastically influenced modern day penal processes and criminological thought. Classical theory closely resembles the theory of utility: free will and choice are a major contributors to the commission of crime (presently reflected by the notion of mens rea [the guilty mind]); criminals must be punished; sanction ought to act as a deterrent; and the prevention of crime is more important than than punishment (Vold Bernard, 1985; Von Hirsch, 1998). Concurrent with Bentham’s ideals, proportionality is reflected in present day criminal sanctions in order to have the most effect. A modern day example of this includes the ‘just deserts’ approach to sentencing, which proposes a few simple principles (as outlined by White, Haines Asquith, 2012): no one, other than the person found guilty of a crime, should be punished for that crime; a person found guilty of a crime must be punished for it; punishment must be proportional to the seriousness of the crime (no more, and no less serious than the crime itself). The ‘just deserts’ approach intends to provide structure and consistency to the sentencing process, consequently, it is employed by criminal justice systems all over the Western world, including Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States (White, Haines Asquith, 2012). In summary, Jeremy Bentham had a profound effect on the criminal justice system as we know it. Leading the reform which stopped the transportation of British criminals to Australia in the 19th century, Bentham also campaigned for long term incarceration to replace capital punishment. He argued that in order to satisfactorily deter an individual from committing or recommitting an offense, the consequences of such actions must be publicly known and inevitable. His theory of utility was a preamble to the now commonly referred to classical theory, which has given rise to many of the judicial processes in effect today.

Flatirons Solutions Essay Example

Flatirons Solutions Essay I am currently working in Flatirons Solutions as a Systems Engineer, working with the Federal Aviation Administration’s traffic flow management division. I was selected for this position for two main reasons; my advanced knowledge in computer network operations and proven ability of modernization of proprietary hardware and software. Most of my work here, I’m closely working and dealing with   the FAA’s Network Operations, System Analysts, Subject Matter Experts, Developers and other personnel to establish an open architecture platform with a   robust framework for implementing enhancements operational improvements. As a product of my curiosity, I learned how to fix computer hardware and laptops. From my early pre college education up to now, I can’t forget my experiences working as a computer technician. Through my college life my knowledge expanded to the software administration of computer technologies. For almost nine years, I’ve been working and have familiarized myself with the software applications and operating systems. After finishing my undergraduate degree, my first work was to be a networking analyst. While working, my networking abilities were challenged. I had to update my previous learning in wireless networking, switches, routing and VPN’s. I had mastered it for eight years now. As time progresses and the technology continuously advancing, I had to enroll in a small IT learning center to enhance my seven year experience in website development. I learned the new concepts in database management and project planning. Today, I could say that I have a stable job f or I think now is the end of my learning process in the information technology and computer science world. All I have learned before is the application on my work at the present. I don’t have to fix bare bone computers anymore for now I am doing project management and the complicated works in information security. I am completely wrong. I thought it was the end of it after having advanced knowledge in those fields. Now I truly believe â€Å"that nothing in this world is permanent†. The fast changing and upgrading phase of computer technology is inevitable. Continuous learning will be a must until the day I retire. Now I deemed it necessary to enroll in a graduate program. We will write a custom essay sample on Flatirons Solutions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Flatirons Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Flatirons Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Today, as an employee in Flatirons Solutions, I don’t have to rest on my laurels and let my guard down because one of the requirements of working in here is to continually gain knowledge in the vast information technology world and for me to hold higher position. I am planning to obtain my Master’s in Information Systems here in Strayer University. With a solid 12 years of experience in Information Technology and a U.S. security clearance backing my expertise in the field, I want to be admitted in the university’s graduate program. The degree program which offers concentration in Computer Security Management, will be beneficial to my employer, my future and personal goals in the Information Security field. However, one of the requirements to the admission in the program is the student is presumed to have undergraduate courses in: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CIS 293 – Administering Desktop Clients 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CIS 332 – Network Sever Administration 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CIS 401 – Network Server Implementation 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CIS 111 – Introduction to relational database management systems 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CIS 219 – Database Management Systems 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CIS 212 – System Modeling Theory 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CIS 409 – Directory Services Infrastructure The main reason I am constructing this portfolio is to advance thru these courses by providing detailed explanation and justification that I have gained enough knowledge in these areas and thus I deserve to be credited to pursue my goals of obtaining my master’s degree. Attached in this portfolio are my certificates of training, performance ratings, letters of endorsement, and supporting documentation to support my claim. CIS 293 – Administering Desktop Clients This course was the foundation of my professional experience so I deemed it necessary that I start with it. Let me tell you my basic and advance knowledge in the content of this course and also provide you with signed letters from my employers to back me. The course deals with installations, troubleshooting, file systems management and configuration, recovery and network access. While I was in college at Northern Virginia Community College, I had a part time job at a nearby shop building and repairing bare bone computers with a $10 per hour compensation. This was my weakness when I was young as I attempted to fix my aunt’s computer. I was sure that I can do it. But since I don’t have knowledge about it, the repair became the other way around. My aunt scolded me for damaging it. I haven’t even brought the case back properly. As I was doing this part time job, it didn’t take long for me to have knowledge of computer’s intangible parts. I was not confined just in the hardware maintenance. While in school and simultaneously attending to this job, I suddenly got curious and eventually learned installing software and operating systems. It was not that hard, but at first it seemed a little bit complicated. From the first operating system, DOS up to today’s Microsoft software products, I learned it from my part time job. After graduating I look up for a white collar job. Luckily I had one. My experience landed me a job at Aetna Insurance as a system desktop support. Most of my work there deals with networking but at the same time I am doing jobs similar to a software engineer. Although, the operating system we are using there is an earlier version of Windows, familiarity with it is the most important.   The next three years, I was involved in Xybernaut Corporation and Freddie Mac. Here in Freddie Mac, I was introduced into a the upgraded version of Windows, which is the XP. My stay in those companies further solidified my networking skills. I also worked my way up to become a Tier III Computer Network Operations Support Specialist. Nine years of software applications and operating systems coupled with my eight years of experience in wireless networking would rightfully strengthen my claim to be credited with this course. Also, I have seven years of related work, dating back to my college days, in routing and installing switches. My knowledge in virtual private network will also back me. I have six years of experience in relation to VPN’s. I have included two signed letters with current and past acknowledgement of the materials needed to be credited for this course from my employers. CIS 332 – Network Server Administration CIS 401 – Network Server Implementation CIS 409 – Directory Services Infrastructure During my past employment in Xybernaut Corporation and Freddie Mac, I deal with networking problems and implementations. As a proof I was promoted to a Tier III position. As I go through, let me first browse the scope of CIS 332 – Network Server Administration. The main objective of this course is central administration tasks on the servers in a server centric network. My first encounter with network server administration was when I’m in Aetna Insurance. I do all the networking there to provide other employees with files and information on the server. Hardware device management was also included in my work. Ten years of experience in this area will support my claim as I repaired and maintained laptops and personal computers. As I mentioned earlier., installation of operating systems and its implementations was also my forte. As part of being a Tier III, one of my responsibilities was to attend to trouble requests up to the escalation processes problems. It is not that a Tier I or II can’t fix it, but only Tier III has the rights and authority to access the Active Directory. I also provide the company its security on it. Imagine how big a responsibility that was. Eventually, I mastered how to install and configure servers. I also hold the company’s network protocols. Not included in my original job description while working as a Tier III employee was I also served as a data and networking support specialist. I’ve handled most of the retrieval and data management. On the part of CIS 401 – Network Server Implementation which is closely related to the first course and CIS 409 – Directory Services Infrastructure, I again provided the protocols and the remote access. Majority of the problems I handled when I was in Xybernaut was joining domains. The access to the secured and shared resources also runs through me. Authentication of internet service and securing rights for the local machines was also my responsibility, for the installation of new hardware and software. Although the company’s website was created earlier before I joined, I was able to be a part of the team which maintained and updated the site. My employment at Freddie Mac and Xybernaut Corporation provided me with the knowledge and skills as I spent one year performing central administration. I will provide a detailed and signed certifications to prove and attest my claim. CIS 111– Introduction to relational database management systems CIS 219 – database management systems As I went through my job, the knowledge that I have gained was not confined in just one area of computer science. Managing databases was included in the college courses I learned from my professors in NVCC. I had the basic application of this when I’m still with Aetna. I construct tables using different software, from network and relational models. As what my experiences and knowledge about CIS 111 – Introduction to Relational Database Management Systems I had, I deserve to be credited in this course. During my college days, we were taught of a software program called Lotus 123. From the class, we were asked to interview 50 people with their full name, birthday, complete address and their jobs. From the information provided by those people, we organized them into a table. And then our teacher told us to type a certain information about the data gathered and all pertinent data will come out. Like for example, I key in the last name of an old man I have interviewed, his birthday, address and job will pop out. This was the basic. Now as working with Aetna, we deal with many customers. As a system desktop support, I constantly update the database of the company. These information and data contain name of members and policy holders. Also included are the profile, address etc. What I am proud of to claim is, I am responsible for the program that updates the payment of policyholders. The initial and monthly payments accumulated and then subtracted from the face value. After my job at Aetna Insurance, I worked at Toshiba Logistics Corporation, a Japanese laptop manufacturer. My work there was defined as a receiving officer. Suppliers store PC parts in our warehouse after I received them. I am updating the vendor managed inventory from our suppliers everytime their parts are used in manufacturing. There I used the Oracle VMI system. I implemented what I learned from a seminar in database management in our company. Plus the solid seven years of experience in website development, which I learned while working, I hope will be enough to advance me through CIS 219 – Database Management Systems.   Aside from this I had seven years of database and six years project planning understanding. CIS 212 – System Modeling Theory Before proceeding to work at Flatirons, every applicant was subjected to a test. The exam is very hard and very objective. All of your stored knowledge will be tested. Included in the examination is of course, about information technology and also mathematics. Luckily I still remember my mathematical skills. One of the problems there was on linear programming and probabilities. My management skills were also challenged. We were asked to optimize a particular company dilemma on the verge of bankruptcy. Now, does anyone want to ask me, Why I am working at Flatirons? I passed the examinations. My present work in Flatirons Solutions will justify my request to be credited for this course. I will provide certificate from my immediate supervisor about the nature and scope of my work in the company including descriptions. I have no previous knowledge of the coverage of CIS 212 but I learned it through my work experiences. And here at Flatirons is the best venue that the course is applied. Although it is not directly similar, I truly have done works as presented in the course outline – when to use simulation, its advantages and disadvantages, its application, the models to use in simulation, analysis of data and verification and validation of models. I am doing models for the federal aviation’s flight plan, its simulation and projected expected time of arrival and departure. We as a team in Flatirons maintain a large framework where we closely monitor the aviation’s activities. Included in the certificate is the length of my experience in Project Management which is four years and on Information Security, three years. I am hoping that with this portfolio, I will be able to secure a slot and admission into the university’s graduate program. Having my Master’s in Information Systems degree will mean a lot to me, as I am also looking forward to be a member of the academe someday, preferably teaching in the undergraduate level.

Summary Of The Handmaids Tale Essays

Summary Of The Handmaids Tale Essays Summary Of The Handmaids Tale Paper Summary Of The Handmaids Tale Paper Essay Topic: The Handmaids Tale A?Serena sits while Offred kneels on the floor. Rita, Cora, and Nick stand behind Offred. Nick s shoe touches Offred s. She shifts her pes off, but he moves his pes so it touches hers once more. A?Serena starts watching Television while Offred starts to woolgather about how she and Luke purchased bogus passports when they decided to get away. A?They told their girl they were traveling on a field day and planned to give her a sleeping pill when they crossed the boundary line so that she would non be questioned or give them off. A?They packed nil in their auto because they did non desire to elicit intuition. Summery- Chapter 15 A?The Commander strike hard the door and comes into the sitting room without Serena Joy s permission. A?He unlocks the leather screen box, and lift out the Bible. A?Offred admirations what it is like to be a adult male like him, surrounded by adult females who watch his every move. A?The Commander begins reading the narratives of Noah and Adam and Rachel and Leah out of the Bible. A?Commander reads a transition that accent about kid, and her married woman started shouting quietly. A?Offred was familiar to these narratives from the ruddy centre, where she heard so every twenty-four hours during breakfast. A?Offred Remembers the clip she met Moira in the bathroom and Moira decide to forge unwellness in hope of flight. A?She failed to get away and was harshly tortured by the Angels. Summery- Chapter 16 A?The Ceremony Continues, after reading the Bible. A?Offred was in Serena Joy s sleeping room with to the full clothed except her healthy white cotton underclothes. A?She lies between Serena Joy s legs, caput on her tummy, and both keeping their manus while Serena Joy s rings excavation into Offred s custodies. A?Once the commanding officer is finished with his responsibility he leaves the room. A?Then, Serena lets travel of Offred custodies and asked her to go forth the room, without Giving Offred a remainder. A?Finally while go forthing the room Offred admirations which one of us is worse for the Commander. Summery- Chapter 17 A?After the ceremonial Offred goes to her room. A?She puts butter on her face and custodies that she hid in her shoe during the dinner to replace for lotion. A?Offred can t autumn asleep, so she decides to steal a Narcissus pseudonarcissus, a flower. A?She wants the flower to be the message to the following Handmaids, by concealing it under the mattress A?After stealing the flower she finds nick nowadays in the posing room. A?Offred thinks of Luke as she kisses Nick. She thinks that Luke would understand. A?Offred thinks that this is excessively unsafe and they both separate. A?Nick informs Offred that commanding officer wants to see her in his office tomorrow. Summery- Chapter 18 A?Offred returns to her room. A?She lies on the bed believing about Luke. A?Offred images Luke dead, his organic structure lying in the brushs where they had been caught seeking to get away. A?She imagines of a 2nd state of affairs where Luke is captured and imprisoned. A?She thinks of a 3rd state of affairs where he has escaped safely from the boundary lines and that one twenty-four hours she will have a message from him in an unexpected manner. A?Simultaneously, Offred believes in all three of these state of affairss, so that if any one of them was to go true she would non be surprised. Seminar III: Pages 97-131 A?This seminar will concentrate on the subjects of Oppression and Fertility through the usage of Elementss of Cognitive design. Oppression A?Shown through lSocial stratums created in Gilead society lUse of Handmaids as a natural resort lHandmaid s Inability to revenge Birthrate A?Shown through lHandmaid s ability to gestate lCommander s Wive s sterility Character- Aunt Lydia s remark A?Point: Through Offred s ideas it is emphasized that the exclusive intent of Handmaids is to engender citizens for Gilead. A?Proof: Remember, said Aunt Lydia. For our intents your pess and your custodies are non indispensable. ( Atwood 114 ) Analysis A?Aunt Lydia s remark is a apt representation of the Handmaid dystopia, which is emphasized through subjugation carried unfeelingly on Moira. Atwood shows to the reader that Aunts besides possess some sort of power even though adult females are already at a lower prestigiousness than work forces in the totalitarian society of Gilead. Atwood besides portrays Handmaids as a uterus with weaponries and legs ; even if their weaponries and legs were to be amputated Handmaids will still be able to function their exclusive intent of being babe vass. It is merely their birthrate which is valued in the Gileadean society. Secondary Beginning A? The Handmaid s ain narrative dressed ores on the destiny of adult females in Gilead who are seen and used as mere agencies of procreation. [ ] Handmaids are considered two-legged uterus ( 176 ) or stupid affair in the generative procedure which is, like everything else in this dystopia, dominated by work forces. Klarer, Mario. Orality and literacy as gender-supporting constructions in Margaret Atwood s The Handmaid s Tale. Winnipeg, MB: Mosaic, 1995. Character- Offred s remark A?Point: Offred high spots the commanding officers s subjugation on the Handmaids. A?Proof: I wait, for the family to piece. Family: that is what we are. The Commander is the caput of the family. The house is what he holds. To hold and to keep, till decease do us portion. ( Atwood 99 ) Analysis A?Men are superior to adult females is the cardinal foundation of the totalitarian society of Gilead. Commander is one of the most of import and elect work forces governing Gilead. Offred suffer from the subjugation in Gilead due to her being selected from the government to engender kids for the commanding officer. This is possibly the wages given to her for being fertile. Atwood gives the reader an overview at the significance of the commanding officer: if anything was to go on to the commanding officer the purported family will divide apart. For illustration, Sarena Joy will likely go a Martha, as marring once more is out. It can besides be speculated that sorrow and subjugation of Offred is due to the commanding officer. Tropology- Container A?Point: The writer uses tropology to stress the subject of birthrate and Offred s emotions. A?Proof: We are containers, it s merely the interiors of our organic structures that are of import. The outside can go difficult and wrinkled, for all they care, like the shell of a nut ( Atwood 119 ) . Analysis A?Metaphor: Offred s organic structure is compared with the container A?It is shown through this citation that the society of Gilead has used birthrate to make subjugation on adult females. A?Atwood claims that adult females are valued through their birthrate. This is a ground possibly for Offred to be alive. ( Basically it doesn t affair how a adult female is, the lone thing that affairs is her birthrate. ) A?Their organic structures are used to reap babes for the commanding officer and his married woman. A?She is besides compared to a shell, connoting to the reader that she is been used like an object. A?This is besides a ground for Offred s sadness as she has lost her ain household, while she is giving birth to a kid for a different household, alternatively of her ain. A?She is moving like a alternate. A?It is dry that the true value of birthrate is held by Offred, although she is been entreated by sterile adult female such as Serena Joy. So fundamentally, Serena Joy is commanding Offred s birthrate, although it s non her ain. Tropology- Rachel and Leah A?Point: Atwood uses a metaphor to stress that Offred s place in Gilead is similar to that of the amah, Bilhah. This Biblical mention is related to the current province of the society. A?Proof: Then comes the mouldy old Rachel and Leah material we had drummed into us at the Center. Give me kids, or else I die. Am I in God s position, who halts withheld from thee the fruit of the uterus? Behold my amah Bilhah. She shall bear upon my articulatio genuss, that I may besides hold kids by her ( Atwood 110 ) . Analysis A?This province of the Gilead Society is based on this scriptural mention and hence it is used as a literary component to pull a comparing. A?This helps the authorities to command the society because faith is used as a powerful tool to either unite or separate people in a society. A?Fertility is related closely to this quotation mark as birthrate is used as a tool to suppress the fertile adult females such as Offred and give power to the infertile. A? For this intent, the first-person storyteller has been assigned as a alleged Handmaid to a taking functionary ( Commander ) and his aging married woman in order to replace for the sterile married woman. Klarer, Mario. Orality and literacy as gender-supporting constructions in Margaret Atwood s The Handmaid s Tale. Winnipeg, MB: Mosaic, 1995. Location- Sitting room A?Point: Oppression diminishes the sense of authorization. A?Proof: I would wish to steal something from this room. [ aˆÂ ¦ ] It would do me experience that I have power. ( Atwood 99 ) Analysis A?Offred needed to steal to see independency and power. Oppression has robbed her of her rights, freedom and sense of authorization. She has to fall back to stealing to experience complete and powerful an act against her ain moralss. Location- Sitting room A?Point: One s security and life takes precedence over money and other secular things during times of subjugation. A?Proof: Money has trickled through this room for old ages and old ages, as if through an belowground cavern, crusting and indurating like stalactites ( Atwood 97-98 ) Analysis A?This quotation mark depicts a clip when money would be wholly worthless due to the isolation and subjugation environing one s life. It shows that the human inherent aptitude to last is more profound than one s demand or desire for wealth and luxury. A? The exigencies of Atwood s hereafter, nevertheless, brought about by utmost environmental pollution and a attendant drastic lessening in birthrate, necessitate and warrant a pattern like handmaidenry, criminal as it might be by today s fundamentalist canons. Beauchamp, Gorman. The Politics of The Handmaid s Tale. Pittsburgh, PA: The Midwest Quarterly, 2009. Discussion A?We read that the Commander takes the Bible out of the box, in which it was kept locked, before the ceremonial. What is the significance of this and what does it typify? Are all work forces allowed to possess the Bible or merely the elites? A?Which of us ( Offred or Serena Joy ) is worse for the Commander and why? A?Serena Joy allow other people watch Television with here, even though the segregation in that society is of the position of the people. Why would she make that? What is your sentiment about it? Would you hold done the same?

ABC hospital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ABC hospital - Essay Example Therefore, recruitment of nurses has become a tedious activity. ABC hospital is experiencing a similar situation where it is in shortage of nurses. So the company needs to employ a better strategy for the recruitment and retention of the nurses in their hospital. Registered nurses are available not only from the US but also from other countries. The first strategy should be taken up is to rely on recruitment agencies. It should open up direct offices in those countries where a great pool of prospective registered nurses are available. The office can be for short term or long term depending upon the requirements. ABC should portray a better picture about them through their agencies. Otherwise there are chances for the prospective candidates to choose another organization. The recruited nurses and already working nurses can be used as referrals. They may be asked to refer to whom they knows. In this way more and more pool of candidates can be made available. The nurses may be remunerat ed in a reasonable amount for referring the candidates. "Ask your top nurses individually to increase their referrals (give them a target of five a month). Ask them to refer their "mentees," friends, and former colleagues." (Sullivan, 2001). Retention of Nurses: Retention of nurses is one of the issues faced by the hospital. The process of retention is more complex than recruitment. Since there are sufficient opportunities for registered nurses in the job market they don’t mind quitting from an organization. ... Timely redressing of grievances is the primary strategy to be employed by the hospital to retain the nurses. "It's a complex process, requiring in-depth knowledge of the needs and wants of the nursing staff and lots of creativity. "You have to know what motivates nurses to stay," says Pamela Thompson, CEO of the American Organization of Nurse Executives." (Runy, 2001). Therefore, the management should first of all identify what the requirements of the nurses are. Proper examination of the working conditions must be done by the management. The HR management of ABC must try to maintain a personal relationship with the nurse's inorder to learn them in detail. Such an interaction will help the nurses to express their grievances before the management. In short a free and two way communication chains must be fostered in the organization. Providing a better learning environment is one of the factors that the nurses expect. Providing new certificates for specialized practices will make the n urses self motivated. Most of the personal factors affect the nurses at the work place. So, the management should assist them in solving their personal matters. This will provide a homely atmosphere for them. The nurses must be imparted a feeling that they are a very important compound for the success of the hospital. The role that every nurse should perform must be clearly defined. After all what affects most in the retention is the proper remuneration. Sufficient incentives along with the fixed remuneration will motivate the nurses to stay with the organization they work. Efficient nurses and the one who have been with the organization for quite a long time should be promoted with more responsibilities. Decreasing turnover: Employee turnover refers to the phenomenon of

Li & Fung LTD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Li & Fung LTD - Essay Example The company also focuses on advancing its management as it has advertised staff for accounts receivable, inventory and collections, and accounts payable management. Li & Fung Ltd contributes to the performance in their global marketplaces. They do this by managing the supply chain for various consumer goods such as footwear, toys, accessories, and clothing. This covers everything including lining up of raw materials for manufacture, overseeing production, and assessing the performance of supply chain from the point of production to delivery in retailers’ destinations. With this role, the company gets a good reputation from its consumers as a reliable firm To achieve the goal of being a noticeably thriving company, Li & Fung Ltd ensures that its employees are committed to supreme operational standards and carrying out their duties with integrity. The company has good corporate governance practices since it has been emphasizing on accountability and transparency. Sustainability considerations are given first priority and it is embedded into its risk management systems and corporate policies. Li & Fung Ltd will definitely continue to lead in consumer goods due to its development capabilities and comprehensive design. Staff Reoporters. (2011). Li & Fung Li & Fung moves into Grand over; $1.1M Eden expansion planned. The Business Journal Retrieved from: http://www.bizjournals.com/triad/print- edition/2011/11/18/lf-moves-into-grandover-11m-eden.html?page=all

Alitalia Airlines: Financial Crisis Management

Alitalia Airlines: Financial Crisis Management Crisis survival for Alitalia:  Strategy re-evaluation for its continuous  viability in the medium and long term. Contents (Jump to) Introduction Alitalia Management Re-focusing Alitalia Recovery Conclusion Bibliography Introduction Based out of Rome, Alitalia is the national airline of Italy which was founded on 16 September 1946 under the name ‘Aerolinee Italiane Internazionali’ and is known as ‘Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. (Alitalia, 2006). Alitalia is 49% owned the Italian Ministry of the Treasury, other shareholders, which includes its employees at 49% as well as Air France – KLM which holds a 2% stake (Alitalia, 2006). As the leading airline in the country, Alitalia flies to more than 100 locales from its hubs in Milan and Rome, utilizing a fleet of 175 aircraft (Hoover’s, 2006). A major factor t be remembered and considered throughout this analysis and examination that Alitalia is a state owned airline and history has shown that the large staffs, inefficiencies, lower productivity and higher operational costs associated with such institutions makes them uncompetitive when matched against private industry. That legacy befell the fates of Sabena, Swissair and saw KLM Royal Du tch Airlines become an acquisition by Air France in May of 2004 (BusinessWeek online, 2004). The liberalisation of the European airline industry was the beginning of the downward spiral for the indicated airlines as the process, as deregulation entails the removal of government restrictions which opened the domestic markets of all European Union countries to any company in Europe (Badi et al, 1995, pp. 245-59). The process of deregulation increased competitive levels in the industry thereby promoting heightened productivity, increased efficiency and lowered prices as markets were pen to the laws of supply and demand. Under the deregulation process implemented by the European Union, legal monopolies as well as government aid for carriers disappeared, and aid reduction was supplanted by public funds, with most airlines finally becoming privatized (Ng and Seabright, 2001, pp. 591-619). Thus, the open sky policy, as it is termed, caused European airlines to restructure the manner in which they conducted business internally, through improving efficiencies as a result of direct competition. The main strategy that has arisen from the preceding has been the increasing of productivity. The emergence of the low cost carriers as a force in the industry has created additional pressures for the traditional full service airlines. The low cost carrier model of no frills, utilization of secondary airports and concentration on lower ticket prices has shaken the underpinnings of the traditional full service carriers which took off in Europe after the events of September 11th which generated a global melt down thro ughout the industry. Prior to deregulation, the national flag carriers, such as Alitalia, were supported by monopolies, legal, and were dominant throughout the European community (White, 1979, pp. 545-73). Airlines during that era shared intra European routes as a result f bilateral agreements and the airlines companies were primarily owned by governments with their losses underwritten by public funds (White, 1979, pp. 545-73). This structure left little incentive for bottom line accountability, productivity or innovation, a situation which aptly describes Alitalia, and this atmosphere served to shape the company’s operational and management culture as a job with Alitalia was decidedly plush and devoid of the usual performance standards. Today’s market has seen a shift to where almost all of these carriers have been privatized, with the disappearance of the corresponding government aid, and the legal monopolies have disappeared. Alitalia has always been a plodding governmental type airline operation, burdened with over staffing and low productivity. Examples of the foregoing can be found in the fact that Alitalia pilots average less than 500 flying hours per year versus the industry average f 600 to 700 for most carriers in Europe (BusinessWeek online, 2004). Half of the company’s fleet consists of high maintenance McDonnell-Douglas airframes that cost twice as much to operate than the newer more efficient airframes resulting in what analysts estimate as operational costs that are between 30% to 40% above the industry norm of other European Flag airlines (BusinessWeek online, 2004). The historical summary of the airline climate in Europe prior to deregulation, and the nuances of the monopolistic environment surrounding the flag carriers is an important background variable in understanding the manner in which Alitalia evolved, and the underpinnings of its organizational and cultural structures. Indicative of the waste which is prevalent in the company, as indicated by the examples of pilot flight hours and the age as well as composition of its fleet, is that the crews for the Milan hub live in Rome and commute via the airlines flight to work, occupying on average 60 percent of the seats on the morning flight (Business Report Independent Online, 2006). The preceding example along with the other samples of waste serves to illustrate the spending and lack of fiscal accountability at the carrier. Also at fault, as a main contributor to the operational waste the airline generates, is the political climate of the country and how it impacts on the carrier. As a governm ent controlled entity â€Å"Alitalia has always been a place where politicians could get their people hired †¦Ã¢â‚¬  stated Allessandro Frigerio, fund manager for Pigoli Consulenza (Business Report Independent Online, 2006). This type of mentality says more about the climate the company operates in than any other, thus over staffing is a natural outgrowth. The preceding represents the historical corporate culture setting which prevailed during the industry shaking events of September 11th. As a result of the foregoing that date is utilized as a starting point for the discussion of the company’s financial situation. In revisiting this date, it must be remembered that the global economy was in the throws of a recession. The United States economic slowdown was pegged in March of 2001, and Japan along with Germany exhibited nearly zero growth (Drakos, 2002). The foregoing was the economic stage upon which the events of 9/11 transpired setting off shock waves in the global economy, inhibiting both leisure as well as corporate travel as a result of fear and the recession. The last year Alitalia recorded a profit from operations was in 2000, and the company has been unprofitable for 11 of the past 16 years (Business Report Independent Online, 2006). In 1999, Alitalia registered a net income of â‚ ¬380 for each of the companyâ€℠¢s 20,770 employees as compared to losses of â‚ ¬23,400 for each employee in 2003 (Business Report Independent Online, 2006). The aviation industry lost an estimated $25 billion since the eventful date of 9/11 through 2003 and airlines have reacted to the economic realities by laying off in excess of 100,000 employees as well as remove an estimated 700 airframes from service to cut costs (Amos et al, 2004). The culture of Italy is adverse to shedding employees as a cost cutting measure, as evidenced by a 1970 statute that requires any business with more than 15 employees to appear in court to justify any layoffs or firings, failing that, company’s would have to rehire said workers and compensate them up to three months in lost wages (Bloomberg.com, 2004). In response to the economic crisis prompted by the global recession and the events of 9/11, the then Chief Executive Officer of Alitalia, Francesco Mengozzi announced a plan whereby 1,200 jobs would be outsourced to effect economies in operations, and an additional 1,500 jobs would be cut, with wage scales frozen. The preceding action resulted in th e company’s unions initiating three strikes, one of which resulted in the cancellation of half of the airline’s flights, upsetting the plans of more than 18,000 customers (BBC News, 2004). The layoff plan was an attempt by management to cut costs in an effort to head the company back towards profitability and possible privatization, as well as a potential alliance with Air France and KLM Royal Dutch Airlines (BBC News, 2004). The Italian government led by Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi fired Mengozzi and replaced him with Marco Zanichelli who subsequently put forth a plan to either fire or contract out a total of 3,300 jobs. That recommendation also got Zanichelli fired, paving the way for the installation of Giancarlo Cimoli as Chairman and Managing Director. The problems created as a result of the global economic slowdown and the events of 9/11 were further exacerbated in Europe by the introduction of the low cost carrier business model, which was based upon the successful concept utilized by Southwest Airlines in the United States (Southwest Airline, 2006). Companies such as Ryanair have successfully entered the Italian market and accounted for 45% of the flights originating in Italy in 2002, which increased to 51% in 2003 and rose to 66% in 2004 (Business Report Independent Online, 2006). The low cost model has proven to be a successful concept in that southwest Airline in the United States has rem ained profitable throughout the recession and events of the recession of 2001 as well as 9/11 and subsequent events, while in Europe easyJet, Ryanair and other low cost carriers have been expanding at the expense of flag carriers such as Alitalia (Drakos, 2002). The European airline market differs from the American airline industry fundamentally in the areas of their respective regulatory histories as well as the smaller size of their carriers (Ng and Seabright, 2001, pp. 591-619). Baumol et al (1981, pp. 231-56) advise that corporate theory to address the effects of reduced earnings owing to adverse economic and or competitive conditions is to utilize the conditioned demand function with defines the operation of cost functions. This states that the reduction of costs and implementation of diversification and innovation are solutions to be addressed in such circumstances. The failures of Alitalia in effectively implementing such measures over the past 16 years, along with the company’s corporate culture, unions and the political climate of the country have hampered all efforts to return the company to profitability and compete with rivals. Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi has stated that the airline â€Å"†¦ has twice as many wo rkers as necessary and this has been something that has been inherited from the past †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bloomberg, 2004). Berlusconi when on to add that it is difficult to cut costs at the carrier â€Å"†¦ because any cuts provoke the kind of reaction from unions and workers †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bloomberg, 2004) that result in strike and work stoppages. The preceding effectively indicates the reasons behind the financial crisis facing Alitalia presently: an oversized and unproductive work force that resists management actions to implement measures to cut costs, a company as well as political culture that is still rooted in policies of the pre deregulation era, a lack of response to the inroads of changes in the airline industry as marked by Emirates and Singapore airlines that emphasis customer satisfaction and service, as well as a failure to respond to the inroads and profit generating models as shown by the low cost carriers Customer opinions regarding the company are reflected in the Skytrax survey of 2005, which reveals the following on varied areas: Table 1 – Alitalia Customer Survey Comparison (Skytrax, 2006) Legend 5 stars = Excellent 4 stars = Good 3 stars = Fair 2 stars = Poor 1 star = Very Poor The preceding indicates that while unprofitable, the staff at Alitalia is performing at levels that are comparable to one of the world’s acknowledged best airlines, Emirates, and at a level that exceeds Ryanair, the market leader in passenger flights in Italy. Dealing with the aftermath of the economic events of 9/11 and the new competitive market will require the company to make changes in the manner in which it does business internally to enable it to cut costs and offer product route that are profitable. Alitalia Management The effects of deregulation and the introduction of the low cost carrier model in the airline industry has changed the context of management within the industry in Europe. The state supported monopolies and subsidies as well as the protectionist climate has given way to a true business model whereby the cost of the product to reach destinations represents one of the most important considerations. As shown via Table 1 Alitalia Customer Survey Comparison, the company compares favorably with Emirates Airline on service and score well ahead of Ryanair in all facets, yet Emirates is regarded as one of the best carriers in the world, and Ryanair has accomplished the feat of securing 66% of all passenger departures in Italy. These facets point to operational modes regarding overhead as the key reasons for the company’s dismal earnings and profit performances. Delfmann et al (2005, p. 20) advise that the â€Å"†¦ the most spectacular growth over the last 20 years among all tran sport sectors has occurred in aviation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This contrasts to the 11 years of unprofitable operations shown by Alitalia over the last 16 years. Delfmann et al (2005, p. 20) add that â€Å"†¦ increasing competition between network carriers has been given added impetus by the emergence of new, low cost carriers†. This climate has provided passengers with a wider array of destination choices, timetables and prices from which to select. As a fiercely competitive business, to prosper and survive in the airline industry, carriers must address the factors which prompt passengers to fly as well as streamline internal operations to reduce costs so that they can trim ticket prices. This model has proven successful in the low cost segment, and also has served the full service carriers in working their way back to profitable operations. Ryanair has captured a huge segment of the departures from Italy by adherence to these principles, which Krzos et al (2003) refer to as the application of knowledge management skills to define the key aspect of operations and thus focus on getting said areas up to and exceeding industry standards. Knowing what the problems are is the first step to devising solutions, and the application of knowledge management skills such as (Krzos et al, 2003): Flight Scheduling Pricing Support Services Crew and Staff Scheduling Represent internal key to aid in competitiveness. Flight scheduling represents charting and understanding the departure, arrival and destination preferences the market has and is showing and responding to these patterns through the arrangement of flights to met this demand (Krzos et al, 2003). Pricing represent a function of internal operations and efficiencies whereby waste, over staffing, and productivity impact on operating expenditures and the reduction of these costs permits reduced ticket pricing. The preceding brings up the issue of support services and crew / Staff scheduling which are personnel, policy and corporate culture problems at Alitalia. McAfee and te Velde (2004) indicate that the utilization of yield management is an important set of strategies that increase profits through the understanding of metrics in industries such as airlines. Yield Management is helpful when a product has two important characteristics (McAfee and te Velde, 2004): The product has a pre-set expiration at a definitive point in time, as evidenced by hotel rooms, airline tickets, and or time-dated products, and the capacity for same is known and fixed in advance and can only be changed at a high cost McAfee and te Velde (2004) state that forecasting the preceding utilizing present sales, competitive data, overall demand and forecasting provides companies with the ability to vary elements of their fixed cost, such as staffing, equipment, and facilities to put these resources to work at where they will meet the supply demands and reduce waste. The application of yield management has shown results for American Airlines which generated an additional $500 million through the application of this technique. Bieger and Agosti (2005, pp. 41-64) advise that management needs to be cognizant of and focus on: asset utilization, such as facilities, fleet costs, landing charges, handling charges and pro-rating of tickets, increased utilization of low cost subsidiaries to take over operations where the market model indicates a better fit with a division within the company, understanding the operational cost of fleet dynamics, fuel and operational costs of equipment alliance strategies for key business areas, staffing, airports These core business areas, with respect to the airline industry represent the means via which to focus operations on profitable business generation and reduced internal costs to maximum returns. Alitalia’s management practices have exhibited operational aspects that have run counter to the preceding management theory applications. The most obvious hamstring on management operations is a result of the government appointment of top management staff. Such an example is provided by the appointment of Giuseppe Bonomi, who served as Chairman for one year, and was an ally of Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, and a member of his Northern League separatist party (Business Report Independent Online, 2006). The problem of political influence has helped to create the company’s choice of a poorly performing fleet which consists of U.S. made MD80 and Boeing airframes that were purchased â€Å"†¦ to please the Americans †¦Ã¢â‚¬  as stated by Oliviero Baccelli, a professor who teaches at Bocconi University in Milan (Business Report Independent Online, 2006). The preceding fleet choices are coupled with Airbus airframes and ATR planes thus creating a highly divers ified fleet which increases ground maintenance, crew training, staff familiarities and inventory problems, having a tremendous upward effect on costs. Baccelli summarizes the preceding mix and match of differing airframes by stating that â€Å"Alitalia has always been managed with diplomatic goals in mind†, a view that is also shared by Marco Ponti, who serves as a professor at Politecnico University, who stated â€Å"Political interference has led to choices to please special interests and not the bottom line† (Business Report Independent Online, 2006). This type of climate has hampered effective operations and efforts on the part of management. Further examples of the preceding as shown as follows (Bloomberg, 2004), (BusinessWeek online, 2004).: The company’s unions have indicated that areas such as contracts for purchasing, as well as commercial costs have been excessive over the past ten years. Through renegotiating contracts the company would stand to gain an estimated â‚ ¬200 million yearly which represents approximately ten percent of costs as represented by areas such a food, fuel and the costs of maintenance. The company either needs to add routes to fully engage its over staffed operations or trim its workforce to match the level of flights. The multi airframe problem is illustrated by a cancelled flight from Malpense to Palermo in June of 2004 as a result of the fact that a replacement tyre could not be found. The politically charged investment in the airport at Malpensa which does not have any highway or fast train links to Milan. Despite this fact, Alitalia increased the size of its workforce at the airport by seven percent in 2001 for additional ground staff which were mostly idle due to reduced flights. The preceding illustrate the inefficient operations as well as limitations and political influence that have helped to hamper management’s efforts in the face of applicable management theory and operations germane to the industry. Re-focusing Alitalia The preceding events and long history of inefficient operations resulted in the appointment of Giancarlo Cimoli as Chairman and Managing Director of Alitalia. The situation had become so dire for the company that Cimoli stated that he had plans calling for splitting the company into two parts and to cut 5,000 jobs as a tactic which got the attention of unions who had effectively blocked all job cutting efforts in the past † (Business Report Independent Online, 2006). The tactic has apparently worked as the company and the unions, along with the government have agreed to a series of agreements that were signed in May of 2004 that paved the way for guidelines for the company’s restructuring plan (Alitalia, 2004). The â€Å"Director’s report on the activities of the Alitalia Group and Alitalia Linee Aeree Italiance S.p.A. in the first six months of 2004† stated â€Å"†¦ it has been clear for some time that the grave financial and profitability crisis th e Company finds itself in requires a prompt change of approach†. This sobering thought is seemingly back up by sweeping changes as contained in this plan, which are as follows (Alitalia, 2004): A ‘Bridge Loan’ amounting to â‚ ¬400 million the company as guaranteed by the Italian Government under EU regulations to enable the company to meet its fiscal obligations through March of 2005. The business plan for the period 2005 through 2008 devotes itself to the creation of conditions that will result in a rapid and sustained return to profitability, utilizing restructuring as a means to increase efficiency and set the stage for what the company terms as a re-launch in 2007 as represented by more favorable economic, market and business conditions. Said plan calls for: the moderisation of the company through the restructuring of procurement contracts for fuel, food, maintenance, general purchases and all commercial activities. A major re-launch and restructuring of the following: Restructuring of the two hubs in Rome and Milan to provide increased company exposure and the lack of adequate use of assets. This area is meant to respond to the inroads of Ryanair that holds 66% of departures from the country. Increase of flights and attractive routes to stave off competitive inroads Improvement of the company’s airframe fleet to remove aging aircraft and provide a smoother mixture of maintenance and parts inventory via a reduction of model types. Reposition and improve the brand name to exploit its ?Italian Style’ by focusing on customer satisfaction and improving services to improve public image. Restructure the pricing of products, yield management techniques, through an overhaul of the fare structure and change in pricing procedures to meet competitive innovations. Upgrade the use of technological innovations such as the Internet to sell tickets and provide customer information in keeping with the Internet oriented practices of the low cost model with has proven to be user friendly and used by customers in securing tickets. Redesign of the support and operational activities in flight as well as procurement and operations. Enhance the airline’s positioning in the European as well as Italian market to defend the company against inroads from rival carriers and then to aggressively pursue the acquisition of increased market share through winning back demand and use by Italian passengers as well as Europeans. Cimoli implemented the creation of AZ Fly, which handles the core business activities of the company as represented by (Alitalia, 2004): Marketing and Network, Flight Operations Sales and Distribution, Product Integration and Delivery, Cargo, Specified Corporate activities, and the Governance of activities constituting this new subsidiary In addition, Cimoli created AZ Servizi which will handle (Alitalia, 2004): Engineering and Maintenance, representing engines, allied components and engineering services, As well as ground handling, ICT, Sale of services as well as products to third parties, Shared services such as Administration, Planning and Control, Human resources, Centralized Business Services, and Call centers Cimoli’s plan divides the airline’s operations into external (customer, flight and related public activities), and internal operations to split the union’s influence and thus make each service or operational center accountable for achieving operational goals. This technique is described by Delfmann et al (2005, pp. 65-96) as consolidating the business model and shifting the orientation of the business to customer centric operation (Delfmann et al, 2005, pp. 97-117). Recovery The global economic recovery has aided in Alitalia achieved measures of success n its restructuring plan. The following list the areas that the company has achieved since Cimoli’s plan was implemented: The company trimmed its losses in 2005 to â‚ ¬167.5 million from the â‚ ¬858 million it lost in 2004 by the spin off of divisions indicated in the Director’s report on the activities of the Alitalia Group and Alitalia Linee Aeree Italiance S.p.A. in the first six months of 2004, which contained Cimoli’s restructuring plan. The preceding has not been accomplished without clashes with the company’s unions over job cuts that have reduced labor costs by close to one third. In addition the company’s revenues increased by twelve percent to â‚ ¬4.797 billion, and increased passenger traffic by eight percent over 2004 levels (BBC News, 2006). Implemented the cut of 3,700 jobs, representing an estimated one sixth of the workforce thus amounting to â‚ ¬280 million in savings (USA Today, 2004). The acquisition of Gandalf Airlines, a regional carrier that is based out of Orio al Serio Airport in Milan that flies jet as well as turboprop planes to such destinations as Barcelona, Bari, Madrid, Paris, Milan, Catania, Brescia, Pisa, Stuttgart and Verona. This move enabled Alitalia to gain access to additional slot facilities at a number of European airports and helped to increase passenger traffic (Alitalia, 2005). Reduced fuel costs in 2005 by 10% (Alitalia, 2005). Reduced sales cost to 13.5% in 2005 from 17% in 2003 (Alitalia, 2005). Increased Internet ticketing to 49% in 2005 from 11% in 2003 (Alitalia, 2005). Increased personnel productivity by 43.4% (Alitalia, 2005). Increased passenger traffic by 7.8% over 2004 (Alitalia, 2005). Increased passenger traffic revenues by 11.3% over 2004 (Alitalia, 2005). Increased pilot productivity by 12% over 2004 raising pilot flight hours to 563 from 504 (Alitalia, 2005). Increased the medium and short haul fleet utilization turnover by 15 minutes in 2005 over 2004 (Alitalia, 2005). Increased revenues by 11.6% to 4.797m euros from 4.299m in 2004 (Alitalia, 2005). Decreased operating costs by 2.9% to 4.537m from 4.674m in 2004 (Alitalia, 2005). Reduced the losses to 168m euros in 20